Ulcerative colitis

What is Ulcerative Colitis?

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. It leads to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.

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Causes & Risk Factors:

🔬 Immune System Dysfunction – The body’s immune system attacks the intestines.
🧬 Genetics – Family history increases the risk.
🍔 Diet & Lifestyle – Processed foods, high sugar intake, and stress can trigger symptoms.
🦠 Gut Microbiome Imbalance – Changes in gut bacteria may contribute.
🚬 Smoking & Environmental Factors – Can increase the risk.

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Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis:

🔹 Chronic diarrhea (sometimes with blood or mucus).
🔹 Abdominal cramps & pain (often in the lower left side).
🔹 Urgent & frequent bowel movements.
🔹 Rectal bleeding or blood in stool.
🔹 Fatigue & weight loss.
🔹 Loss of appetite & malnutrition.
🔹 Fever & joint pain (in severe cases).

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Types of Ulcerative Colitis:

Ulcerative Proctitis – Inflammation only in the rectum.
Proctosigmoiditis – Affects the rectum and lower colon.
Left-Sided Colitis – Involves the left side of the colon.
Pancolitis – Severe inflammation affecting the entire colon.