Hypertension

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Causes, Symptoms & Management

Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high. Over time, it can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other serious conditions.

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🔹 Normal vs. High Blood Pressure Readings

📌 Blood Pressure Categories:
✔ Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg
⚠ Elevated: 120-129 / Less than 80 mmHg
🛑 Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-139 / 80-89 mmHg
🚨 Stage 2 Hypertension: 140 or higher / 90 or higher mmHg
🚑 Hypertensive Crisis: Higher than 180/120 mmHg (Medical Emergency)

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🔹 Causes & Risk Factors of Hypertension

🛑 Primary (Essential) Hypertension – No specific cause, develops over time due to lifestyle & genetics.
🛑 Secondary Hypertension – Caused by medical conditions like kidney disease, thyroid disorders, or certain medications.

Risk Factors:

✅ Unhealthy Diet – High salt, processed foods, & trans fats increase BP.
✅ Lack of Exercise – Leads to weight gain & poor heart health.
✅ Obesity – Extra weight puts strain on the heart.
✅ Smoking & Alcohol – Damages blood vessels & raises BP.
✅ Stress – Chronic stress increases blood pressure over time.
✅ Genetics & Age – Family history and aging increase risk.
✅ Medical Conditions – Diabetes, kidney disease, and thyroid disorders can contribute.

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🔹 Symptoms of Hypertension

🚨 Most people have NO symptoms until BP reaches dangerously high levels.

⚠ Warning Signs in Severe Cases:

• Headaches (especially in the morning)
• Dizziness or Blurred Vision
• Chest Pain & Shortness of Breath
• Nosebleeds
• Fatigue & Confusion

🛑 Hypertensive Crisis (BP > 180/120 mmHg) can lead to stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure. Seek emergency care if symptoms appear!