Diabetis mallitus

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder where the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin effectively, leading to high blood sugar (glucose) levels.

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Types of Diabetes Mellitus:

1️⃣ Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) – Autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
2️⃣ Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) – The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin.
3️⃣ Gestational Diabetes – Occurs during pregnancy and may increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes later.
4️⃣ Prediabetes – Blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough for Type 2 diabetes.

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Causes & Risk Factors of Diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes

🦠 Autoimmune Reaction – The immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells.
🧬 Genetics – Family history increases the risk.
🦠 Viral Infections – Some infections may trigger the disease.

Type 2 Diabetes

⚖ Obesity & Overweight – Major risk factor.
🍟 Unhealthy Diet – High sugar, processed foods, and low fiber.
🚶 Physical Inactivity – Lack of exercise leads to insulin resistance.
🧬 Genetics & Family History – Increases susceptibility.

Gestational Diabetes

🤰 Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy – Affects insulin action.
🏋 Obesity & Weight Gain – Increases risk.

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Symptoms of Diabetes:

🔼 High Blood Sugar Symptoms (Hyperglycemia):
💦 Frequent Urination (Polyuria)
🚰 Excessive Thirst (Polydipsia)
🍔 Increased Hunger (Polyphagia)
📉 Unexplained Weight Loss (Common in Type 1)
👀 Blurred Vision
😴 Fatigue & Weakness
🚑 Slow-Healing Wounds
🦶 Numbness or Tingling in Hands & Feet (Diabetic Neuropathy)

🔽 Low Blood Sugar Symptoms (Hypoglycemia):
🌪 Dizziness & Shakiness
💧 Sweating & Irritability
😵 Confusion & Blurred Vision